Phenoscape internship experience

February 23, 2010

Hello all,

As an online student of Bioinformatics based in Nairobi, Kenya, I had a strong desire to undertake a project that would enhance my knowledge and skills in software development. Hence, after completing MSc. Course work at the University of Manchester, UK, I was happy to be awarded an internship from the Phenoscape project for an 11-week traineeship beginning September 21st, 2009 at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent). This project seeks to establish the developmental and genetic basis of the astonishing morphological heterogeneity across diverse species. In addressing this, a rich and rigorous knowledge base, PhenoscapeKB, constituting evolutionary variable characters across a clade of fishes connected to mutant phenotypes from ZFIN has been developed. Core to the PhenoscapeKB is the modeling of the character entities   using ontologies thus facilitating the knowledge synthesis via logical/mathematical reasoning. Read the rest of this entry »


Phenoscape solicits feedback on new interfaces at AmphibAnat Kansas City meeting

December 4, 2009

In early November Wasila and I attended the AmphibAnat workshop in Kansas City, MO (Nov. 5-8) that was organized by Anne Maglia. As you may know, Phenoscape has a close relationship with this group, not only because they work on herps (ichthyologists and herpetologists have a long tradition of working together…), but because they are also developing ontologies to annotate the published comparative anatomical literature. I presented the status of our work in Phenoscape to the large group (~40) of amphibian development and anatomy experts who were present. As these folks added new terms, synonyms, and images to the amphibian ontologies over the course of the next few days, we solicited comments on the prototypes of three new interfaces for the Phenoscape Knowledgebase. Using both images and paper copies of these prototypes, we invited people to sit down with us on a one-on-one basis and describe in detail what worked and what was missing or unclear. The feedback was extremely useful, and we appreciated the AmphibAnat time. We have now gone over all the comments within Phenoscape and logged them individually to FogBugz, our internal tracking system. We’ll be generating new versions of these prototypes through early February, when we plan a formal round of usability testing.


ICBO Summary

August 12, 2009
While the rest of Phenoscape was at ASIH running the ontology workshop and announcing the database and website release, I was across the country, representing Phenoscape at the International Conference on Biomedical Ontologies in Buffalo, NY.
ICBO covered 2-3/4 days (July 24-26) of presentations with two evening poster sessions.  There were
also software demos during the lunch breaks, and two panel discussions.
Although there were several sessions devoted to ontologies of disease and clinical practice, there
were a number of talks of interest to Phenoscapers.  Among these were several alignment talks, including
one from the BGEE group on Homonto and Chris Mungall’s on cross products and Uberon.  There were also sessions
on annotation and natural language processing (NLP), including Mike Bada’s talk on developing a corpus for testing NLP based annotation.
There were also two talks specifically about ontologies and physiology, one by John Gennari focused on integrating
existing anatomy ontologies (e.g., FMA) with physiological simulations, though he specifically ducked ontological
modeling of physiology as process.  The other was an ‘old school AI’ simulation of a patient, that includes models of
physiology, cognition, and NLP.
There was also some promising activity on behavior ontologies, including a poster by Tim Beck, a postdoc from the UK on a mammalian behavior ontology
and a ‘behavior lunch’ on the second day, with Tim, Judy Blake, David Shotton (ABO collaborator from Oxford), Mary Shimoyama (RGD), and several others.
There is a European plan to develop a new OWL-based general behavior ontology, and Chris Mungall has recently established an OBO-behavior list ().
There was also a lot of discussion generated by the proposed ontology of homology relations (the 1.0 version; 1.1 released recently(http://bgee.unil.ch/bgee/download/homology_ontology_v1.1.obo)), although the consensus from the numerous people I discussed
it with was that it needed more work (which is happening).
Other interesting ontologies included an ontology of Evolutionary processes presented in a poster by Adam Goldstein (Iona University).  He’s since been in
contact with Hilmar, and I believe with representatives of CDAO and Dryad.  Phenoscape was also represented by a poster.
There were two panels, one focussing on Ontology and Publishing.  Although the lineup, which included
a representative from Elsevier (Jabe Wilson) and Alan Ruttenberg from Science Commons suggested a discussion
on open publishing, the Elsevier representation was quiet restrained, and it was Larry Hunter who made the strongest argument that publishers currently
provide little value to academics.  David Shotton discussed his semantic annotation of a randomly selected paper on an infectous disease.
The second panel was on the Future (and past) of ontologies and knowledge representation.  I think the two memorable claims from this discussion
were the call to expand the A-box (since the T-box is really less than most people think) and Barry Smith’s claim that in 25 years consulting ontologies
will be as common in biology and medical departements as statisticians are today.
The text from all the presentations and posters will be made available at Nature Proceedings (http://precedings.nature.com/collections/icbo-2009).  There was
also an ICBO group on FriendFeed (http://friendfeed.com/icbo) with other attendee’s tweets from the conference and preceeding tutorial sessions.  Finally, I will
be posted a more detailed report on my personal blog (http://ontethology.blogspot.com).

While the rest of Phenoscape was at the ASIH meeting, involved with the ontology workshop and the release of the database and website, I was across the country, representing Phenoscape at the International Conference on Biomedical Ontologies (ICBO) in Buffalo, NY.  ICBO covered 2-3/4 days (July 24-26) of presentations with two evening poster sessions. There were also software demos during the lunch breaks, and two panel discussions.

Although many of the sessions were devoted to ontologies of disease and clinical practice, there were a number of talks of interest to Phenoscapers. Read the rest of this entry »


Adding Instances To Ontologies

August 24, 2008

As we proposed in an earlier post, we have been developing an alternative to the traditional approach of representing taxonomy in ontologies. This alternative represents species (and currently higher taxa) as individuals in the ontology.

There is another phenoscape ontology that would benefit from the use of individuals: our ontology (ok, it’s really a vocabulary) of research collections of fish. Part of our process for curating anatomy papers involves constructing a list of all the specimens reported in the paper (generally the author includes this in the paper, but we enter it to facilitate annotation). The specimen lists consist of collection names and numbers. Although research collections are supposed to have standardize names and abbreviations, practice does not always reflect these standards: the same collection may be abbreviated in different ways by different authors, and collections occasionally merge and the smaller collections might disappear into larger ones or be renamed.

So we constructed a vocabulary of fish collections with their 4-5 letter abbreviations, longer name and possible synonyms. Now a research collection contains individual specimens, but these are parts of a collection, not subtypes of a particular collection, and therefore, the collection is best represented as an individual, not a class. So, the collections vocabulary, represented as an OBO ontology, should ideally use OBO instances (which exist to represent individuals), rather than terms for the collections.

Unfortunately, the current version of OBO-Edit, although it will read and save ontologies containing Individuals, provides no facility for either viewing or editing these individuals. Furthermore, although there are several OWL editors that would allow us to work with Individuals, there are no OBO<->OWL translators that understand what to do with OWL individuals, so they are just omitted in the OBO translation, even though the OBO file format, since version 1.2, has supported Instance ’stanzas.’ Read the rest of this entry »


Evolutionary Biology & Ontologies Workshop report

July 11, 2008

Our first educational and outreach event “Evolutionary Biology & Ontologies Workshop” was held at the Evolution meetings in Minneapolis, Minnesota (June 20, 2008), and we felt it was a big success.  We had lots of enthusiasm and over 50 attendees for this all day workshop, which was organized by the Phenoscape PIs (Paula Mabee, Todd Vision, Monte Westerfield), NESCent and Barry Smith from the National Center for Biomedical Ontologies (NCBO). 

We need to especially thank all our speakers for their excellent presentations, They not only gave the audience a varied introduction to ontologies, but also a set of examples of the integrative questions that can be answered using them.   The slideshows for all of these talks are on our wiki but I thought I would provide a brief overview of each one right below as a summary of the workshop. The use of ontologies is just emerging in evolutionary biology, and it is an exciting time to be involved in this field.  As we move forward to use ontologies in evolutionary biology, we discover new requirements and challenges — for example, the challenge of how we create ontologies that are interoperable — so that we can ask big questions that span not only taxonomic groups (such as bees and fishes and mouse and fly) but different knowledge domains (such as phenotype, evolution, and genetics, genomics, medicine). Read the rest of this entry »


Relations Ontology Workshop

June 10, 2008

Peter Midford and I recently attend the two-day Relations Ontology workshop in Denver, Colorado. The goal of the meeting was to further develop the Relations Ontology (RO) by moving relations from RO proposed (ontology for relations yet to be officially added to RO) to RO, and adding any new relations proposed by attendees. Impressively, almost all of the items on the original agenda were covered, and an ‘action list’ was produced to focus efforts subsequent to the meeting.

Phenoscape had several relations on the agenda, and Peter and I have summarized the discussion, definitions, and examples used.

Read the rest of this entry »


The Teleost Anatomy Ontology

May 22, 2008

The Teleost Anatomy Ontology (TAO) is a multi-species anatomy ontology for teleost fishes.  In this first post about the TAO, I’ll introduce the structure of the ontology and its development, and discuss some of the challenges we’ve come across in building a multi-species ontology. You can browse the TAO by using the NCBO BioPortal.

Read the rest of this entry »


Taxonomy as ontology: opening up the debate

May 15, 2008

We have created a new mailing list, obo-taxonomy, under the OBO (Open Biomedical Ontologies) umbrella. Our motivation for this new forum is to really open up the discussion surrounding the issues of what should be a proper ontological representation of taxonomy and phylogeny, for example proper semantics of the relationship between taxonomic groups, and between specimens and species. If you care about or have thoughts or opinions on these and related questions, we encourage you to subscribe to this new list.

Read the rest of this entry »


The Teleost Taxonomy Ontology

May 14, 2008

One of the two main ontologies developed and used by the Phenoscape project is the Teleost Taxonomy Ontology (TTO). Although the Phenoscape project is focused on the Ostariophysi, the TTO covers not just teleosts, but all the species listed in Bill Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fish. This post will discuss how the current TTO was constructed and the work flow we use to update it. A later posting will discuss the effort to update the ontology to better represent current thinking about metaphysical status of species and other taxonomic terms.

Read the rest of this entry »


Poster at the Evolution Meetings

April 30, 2008

Aside from the Evolutionary Biology and Ontologies Workshop that we organize together with the NCBO at the Evolution Meeting 2008 in Minneapolis, we will also be presenting a poster. For your advance pleasure, here is the abstract that we wrote, only to realize that registration for a poster presentation actually did not require or even offer any abstract submission.

Read the rest of this entry »